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Five Dynasties and Liao-Song-Xia-Jin-Yuan

Wen Tianxiang, a Renowned Minister

Wen Tianxiang, who was born in Jiangxi province, was a renowned minister in history. In his youth, he was fond of reading biographies of loyao minister, and made up his mind to model himself on them. Later, he achieved the first place in the imperial civil examination.

When Kublai Khan founded Yuan Dynasty and commanded armies to approach Lin'an - the capital of Southern Song Dynasty. Northern Song Dynasty called on troops from all over the country to rescure the emperor, Wen Tianxiang raised a volunteer force of more than ten thousand in Jiangxi province and prepared to go to Lin'an. A friend of his disssuaded him that, fighting against Yuan army with the temporarily organized army was like fighting against a furious tiger with a group of sheep. However. Wen Tianxiang said, "How harrowing it will be when the country is in danger but nobody is willing to do anything about it! I know that my ability was limited, but i would rather die for my country."

Appointed to the Prime Minister by Southern Song in the emergency situation, Wen Tianxiang went to negotitate with Yuan army. However, Wen was detained by Yuan side, but managed to escape on the way of being escorted to Dadu. Wen Tianxiang escaped to Fuzhou and Guandong, where he reorganized forces to fight against Yuan army. He was captured once more because of the great disparity between the two sides, and was sent to Dadu. Wen Tianxiang spent three years as a prisoner in Dadu. He would rather die than surrender. Emperor Shizu, Kublai Khan told Wen by himself that. "I fully understand your loyalty. If you can change your mind now and are willing to hold an official position in Yuan Dynasty. I will keep you as the Prime Minister." Wen Tianxiang replied that, "Now that Song Dynasty is over, all I want is death, and I have nothing more to say." Wen Tianxiang died in 1283 at the age of 47. The Song of Integrity, which he wrote behind prison bars, is regarded as a classic of its kind.

Reference data

Song of Integrity

There is integrity that is embodied in various forms.

On the earth it is mountains and rivers, in the sky it is the sun and stars.

In man it is the noble spirit that fills up the whole world.

The imperial road should be cleared of barbarians and be flooded with light.

In times of great danger man's high moral principle shows itself and leaves its record in history.

This is revealed in the records of Qi, the writing of Dong Hu of Jin.

Zhang Liang's service to Qin an Su Wu's moral courage in Han Dynasty.

It was General Yan's head, Ji Kang's blood, Zhang Suiyang's teeth and Yan Changshan's tongue. It was the Liaodong hat that could withstand ice and snow.

It was Zhuge Liang's memorial which was so heroic that it moved the immortals. It was the river-crossing oar that wiped out the nomad invaders.

It was the Mongolian scepter that crushed treacherous vassals' heads.

Integrity is so majestic that it will never die out.

It shoots up to the sun and the moon, and life and death are of no importance before it.

It supports both the earth and the sky.

Out lives hinge on our cardinal guides and our foundation rests on our morality.

But now everthing is upside down.

Divested of his headgear this prisoner is kept behind prison bars in the north.

He would be only glad to be burned in the barbarians' crucible.

Ghost flame rages in the room and the courtyard is wrapped in darkness.

Oxen and steeds live in the same fold and roosts and phoenixes share the same food.

The earth is shroulded in mist and fog.

If things go on like this, miseries and disasters will spread.

I am sad that this swamp used to be my paradise-like homeland.

fallacies cannot become truth nor can Yin and Yang be confused.

So I am worried and look up at the white clouds floating in the ske.

My heart is full of sorrow and I wonder where the sky will end.

The ancient sages are far away, my execution is nearing.

I open a book to read, and there is sunshine on the ancient words.

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